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Ⅱ International Etiquette（第1页）

Ⅱ。Iioe

&eisanindivisibleiofculture。Differentnationshavedifferenthistoriesahereisnoso-tere”existingintheworld。Butasamatteroffact，theremustbesomethiionaltoguidetheiies’maheiionalihegenerally-acceptedetiquetterulesiioyiswhatwedefihisbook，theiioe。

Inmlobalsociety，Otaletiquetteainportioioe。

OtaletiquetteinatedfromaGreekandRomanprotocols，which，asakindofcourtetiquette，wereestablishedupoionfortherulersoftheauthoritybeforetheywerespreadtoEngland。Britishauthoritymadegreattributiontothepopularizatioeafteraseriesofity，regthecourtetiquetteieofunities。

FormaletiquetterootedintheFrenchrthe1600-1700’s。Thenobleswholivedatcourtdidnotwork，andsotheydevelopedelaboratesoostlyoutofboredom。TheedoutalistofpropersocialbehavioraiquettewhichanoldFreneahiscodeofbehaviorsooherEuropeandfinallyuttousebytheupperclassesthroughouttheWesternworld。

Withtheialexpansioninitiatingfromthe16thtury，theWesternizersspreadtheiretiquette，asapartofculture，tonearlyeveryeroftheiesscatteredineveryhuman-inhabitihe18thaiquettewasusuallytaughtinsWesterntries，espetheprivateschoolstowhichwealthierfamiliessenttheir。

Fromthe15htheearly1900’s，learschool。wereaskedfollowingsutsas:

◇theproperwayofkheirteachers（whew，gladthat’sgone）;

◇thevaluesilentuo，and

◇usingadioothpick。

&herofAmerietiquettewasheFatherofUSAhimself，GeeWashington，whopiledaseriesofRulesofCivilityaBehaviorinpanyaionattheageof16，basedonearlierrulebooksfromFrangland。ManyofWashington’srulesremainpracticaltoday:

&iondoneinpany，oughttobewithsomesighosethatarepresent。”

&whenothersspeak，sithersstawhenyoushouldholdyourpeadwalkhersstop。”

◇“Invisitingthesiotpresentlyplaythephysiifyoubenotknowingherein。”

Bytheearly20thtury，however，themiddleclassbeganintoprofessionalandsocialerlyiothemraisednumerousquestionsaboutproperetiquette。Socialite-turhorEmilyPost（1873-1960），whowasborhyBaltimorefamilyaoawealthyNepeduptoahosequestionsin1922iiquetteiy，inBusiness，inPolitidatHome。Thebook—latertitledsimplyEtiquette—becameabestsellerandhasbeenrevisedimesi90years。Today，EmilyPranddaughter-i，aivesherlegacythroughtheEmilyPostInstitute（whichdescribesitselfasa“barometerforcivility”inAmeriditswebsite。

Otherremarkable20thturyetiquetteelitesincluded:

◇AmyVa（1908-1974），anativeofNewYorkeorterandpublist，whopublishedAmyVa’spleteBookofEtiquettein1952。Thisa’sbookweretheU。S。etiquettebiblesofthe50’s-70’sera。Shewasalsoahostintelevisiramsongoodmanners。

&iaBaldridge（bornin1925），daughterofaparliamentarianandsisteraofficial，servedasFirstLadyJaeKeeHousesocialsecretaryfrom1961to1963。SheauthoredtwoAmyVaebooksie1970s（afterVa’sdeath）befoutonherowninthe1980s。

◇JudithMartin（born1938），writerofthe“MissManners”syndicatedadviartin’snsandbooks—withtitlessuchasMissManners’GuidetlyCorreissManners’GuidetPerfect—arefamousfortheirwisdomandhumor。

◇MarjabelleYou（1924-2007），anIowanativewholivedinaneforseveralyearsafterherparentsdivoodmahestaffthere。Asanadult，shebecameaprofessionalmodelandsponsoredcharmschoolclassesfes。HerannuallistofAmerica’s“bestmaiesfrequentlycited，S。ah，Ga。，and—surprisingly—NewYorkCity。

&heyears，peoplewereexpectedtofolllyplicatedseriesofrules，manyofwhichseemsillytoday。Iriesinthe1800’s，ayoungmanottalktoayoungwomailshehadfirstaowledgedhim。Littlegirlscurtsiedandlittleboysbowedwheniosomeomanyyearsago，whenayoungmanandayoungwomaonadate，sheshouldbesitquietlyinthecarwhilehewalkedaroundittoopenherdoora。

&he1960’s，mannershavesimplified。Itisbeoknowsomerulesabouthowtobehaveiuations—ifohismakeslifemorefortableforyouandmakesyoumoreself-tinsounis。Fortheuelessonsinbusinessandsocialsituationsbepurchasedthroughtheihtinabookstore。Thereisnolooicket”。Etiquettetodayisbasedeveryohesamedegreeofkindnessaion，anditilyofonsenseandbasianners。

&popularsubjectsofetiquetteguidestsandbusinessandworkplaers。Reflegesiysiaera，weddieguidestodayaddressissuessudedfamilies，sedthirdmarriages，bridesandgroomswhoarealreadyliviherorhavetesbetweencouplesofdifferentfaithsorcultures，aly，same-sexunions。Meaionsabouttheproperuseofemail，cellularphones，aowriteletters，howtoés，andhowtogetalongwithbossesandinatebusieguides。

Inadditiontothenumeroushow-toguides，therearealsohow-not-toguidesthatdemoodmaahereal-lifethem。

&eseemstohaveriseheEastaalintheirin。Thisisnaturalenough，siwastheterofearlycivilization。Butwiththeinfluenceofialexpansioalsuradiatie-geiquettetotheworld。AhedominantpositionofOalmostallthefieldsofpolitiilitary，dsoon，particularlythesuperpowerstatusoftheUSAaftertheWorldWarⅡ，OtaletiquettestepsuptotheoderioemandmanyofOtaletiquettehavebeege。

&isobviouslyimprardtheModerioeasOtalEtiquetteitself。Moderioebiualcharacteristicsofdifferentnations，cultures，people，andthevariousetiquetterulesthatbeadoptedbythepeoplearoundtheworld。Everynationintheworlddevotesherefforttotheprtheeiional，bywaysahelivelyetiquetterulesinherownhistoryandculture。Moderioebesharedbymostofthenationsintheworld，moreaionsemphasizeonbiiohtheirownescreatively。Moderioeiscrystallizationofhumanity’scollectivewisdom，valuablehistoridculturalwealthofthewholeworld。