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CHAPTER V PUNCTUATION（第1页）

CHAPTERVPUN

rints—Illustrations—CapitalLetters

LindleyMurrayandGooldBrownlaiddownrulesforpunostofthemhavebeenbrokenlohrownintothejunk-heapofdisuse。Theyweretid，toostritsomuiheyweremoreorlessimpracticaltoapplytoordinaryanneroflayleandofexpressionhassiderablygedsiheoldabstruseplexseshiddenmeaningshasbeeheshade，thereislittleofpr-drawn-outphrases，ambiguityofexpressionisavoidedaowardterseyaherefore，punhasbeelysimplified，tosuexteitisnowasmuchamatterofgoodtasteaasadhereoaofrules。herearelawsgitwhiated，theirpriberigidlyandinviolablyobserved。

Thedofpunarkthegrammatiedthedepehepartsofaposition，butualpausesmadeinspeakiesusedtodehedeliveryofapassagedifferfromthoseusedwhenthepassageiswritteheless，severalofthepunarksservetouttherhetoricalforceofexpression。

Theprincipalmarksofpunare:

1。Thea[，]

2。TheSemi[?]

3。The[:]

4。ThePeriod[。]

&errogation[?]

&ion[!]

7。TheDash[—]

&hesis[（）]

&ion[""]

Thereareseveralotherpointsormarkstoindicatevariousrelations，butproperlyspeakingsueuheheadingofPrinter'sMarks，someofwhicharetreatedelsewhere。

Oftheabove，thefirstfourmaybestyledthegrammatits，andtheremaiherhetorits。

&heoffimaistoshowtheslightestseparationunatall。Itshouldbeomittedwheneverpossible。Itisusedtomarktheleastdivisioence。

1。Aseriesofwordsorphraseshasitspartsseparatedbyas:—"Lying，trickery，ery，perjury，werenaturaltohim。""Thebrave，daring，faithfulsoldierdiedfagthefoe。"Iftheseriesisinpairs，asseparatethepairs:"Ridpoor，learnedandunlearned，bladwhite，andJew，MohammedanandBuddhistmustpassthroughthesamegate。"

2。Aaisusedbeforeashortquotation:"Itatrirywhosaid，'Givemelibertyivemedeath。'"

&hesubjectofthesentenceisaclausephrase，aaisusedaftersuchsubject:"ThathehasheGodIlove，proveshisiy。""Simulatedpiety，withabladasaniouslook，doesnotproclaima。"

4。Anexpressioheticallyshouldbeinclosedbyas:"Theoldman，asageakesamwalk。"

5。ositiooffbyas:"Mley，thePresident，wasassassi;

&iveclauses，ifive，requireas:"Thebook，whichisthesimplest，isofteprofound。"

7。Ienceseachshouldbefollowedbyaa:&quhtssas，pullscars，traiheenginesofourmillsandfactories。"

8。Whenaverbisomittedaatakesitsplace:"Linwasagreatstatesman?Grasoldier。"

&ofaddressisfollowedbyaa:"John，yoodman。"

10。Iion，asareusedtoexpressperiures:"Mountains25，000feethigh?1，000，000dollars。"

TheSemiarksaslighterthanthea。Itisgenerallyedtthepartsofpouismutrasts:

1。"Gladstoasastatesman?hewassublimeasaman。"

2。TheSemiisusedbetweesofallpouenwhichthegrammaticalsubjectofthesedpartisdifferentfromthatofthefirst:"Theplahewisdomofherstatesmen?thepothofherarmyandnavy。"

3。TheSemiisusedbeforewordsaionswhitroduceparticularsorspesfollowingafter，suamely，as，e。g。，vid。，i。e。，etc。:"Hehadthreedefeamely，ess，laandobstinahisideas。""Anislandisaportionoflairelysurrouer?asCuba。""Theiesshouldalwaysehacapitalletter?e。g。，NewYork，Paris。""Theboyrofionebranch?viz。，Mathematics。""Noma?i。e。，freefromallblemish。"

Theexalusesispracticallyobsolete。

1。Itisgeattheeerodugquotation:"Thecheershavingsubsided，Mr。Bryanspokeasfollows:"

2。Itisplacedbeforeaionorillustratioundersideration:"Thisisthemeanierm:"

3。Adirectquotationformallyintroduerallyprecededbya:"Thegreatoratormadethisfunnyremark:"