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Text B Solitude（第1页）

TextBSolitude

HenryDavidThoreau

Pre-reading

HenryDavidThoreau（July1817-May1862）wasahi，andnaturalist。ThraduatedfromHarvardUyandtaughtschoolforseveralyearsbefhisjobtobeeapoetofnature。Bacord，hedertheinfluenceofRalphWaldoEmersoopublishpietheTramagazihoreaurefleainjailprotestingtheMexi-AmeritheessayCivilDisobedience（1849）。

Althoughhisasattralylotioime，hisessayachievedfameastheclear，well-reasoifiofaizeinganimmoralpolicyofhisgover。Assuch，CivilDisobediencebefluentialmaoforsubsequentantirotestersaerssuchasMohandasK。GandhiandDr。MartinLutherKing，Jr。

Inlateryearshisiraalismwaned，andhebecameadedicatedabolitionist。Hismaingsandrecordsofhiswanderingsinada，Maine，andCapeCoddisplaythemiuralist。Afterhisdeathhiscollectedwritingswerepublishedin20volumes，aiioappearinprint。

Walden（1854）isbasedowoyears（1845-1847）hespentlivinginabesideond，nearassachusetts，anddescribeshissimplewayoflife，aloionsonnatureahasbeeaclassiviros，idadvoplelife，whileembodyiofthetracreed。

Ihoreaureflethefeelingofsolitude。Heexplainshowlonelinessoamidpanioishem。Thoreaumeditatesonthepleasuresofesgsodthepettythingsthatsotails（gossip，fights，etc。）。Healsoreflehisnewpanion，alerwhoarrivesnearbyandanoldwomamemory（“memoryrunsbackfartherthanmythology”）。Thoreaurepeatedlyreflethebesofnatureandofhisdeepunionwithitaheonly“medieedsisadraughtair”。

Promptsf

1。WhathaveyoulearsolitudeinEmerson’spassage?

2。Wouldyouexpectsolitudetomeahingstoaphilosopher?

&heondlocated?Searterofindsomemapsahelake。

4。HowdoesThoreaumakelifetrulysimple?Whatishislifelike?

5。HowdoesThoreaudescribetheseryofWaldeailaboutthelakeimpressesyouthemost?

6。HowdoesThoreaudescribesociety?

7。IsThoreautrulyaloneorlonelyi，whatarehispanions?

8。WhydoesThoreaubelieveittobewholesometobealoofthetime?

9。Howwouldyoudescribethewritihispassage?

10。Whatisthegehispassage?

[1]Thisisadeliihewholebodyisonesense，athrougheverypoahastrayiofherself。

[2]AsIwalkaloohepondinmyshirt-sleeves，thoughitiscoolaswellasdwindy，ahioattractme，alltheelementsareunusuallyialtome。Thebullfrogstrumptousheri，aeofthewhip-poor-willisborheripplingwindfromovertheathywiththeflutteringalderandpoplarleavesalmosttakesawaymybreath;yet，likethelake，myserenityisrippledbuthesesmallwavesraisedbytheeveningwiefromstormasthesmsurface。Thoughitisnowdark，thewindstillblowsandroarsihewavesstilldash，aureslulltherestwiththeirhereposeise。Thewildestanimalsdoseektheirpreynow;thefox，andskunk，andrabbit，nowroamthefieldsandwoodswithoutfear。Theyare—linkswhiectthedaysofanimatedlife。

[3]WheomyhouseIfindthatvisitorshavebeetheircards，eitherabunchofflowers，orawreathreen，oranameinpenayellowwalnutleaforachip。Theywhoerarelytothewoodstakesomelittlepieceoftheforestintotheirhandstoplaywithbytheway，whichtheyleave，eitheriionallyoratally。Onehaspeeledaovenitint，aonmytable。

[4]Icouldalwaystellifvisitorshadmyabsehebewigsrass，ortheprintoftheirshoes，andgenerallyofwhatsexeorqualitytheywerebysomeslighttraceleft，asaflowerdropped，orabunchofgrasspludthrownaway，evenasfaroffastherailroad，halfamiledistant，orbythelingeringarorpipe。Nay1，Iwasfrequentlyhepassageofatraveleralongthehighwaysixtyrodsoffbythestofhispipe。

[5]Thereisonlysuffitspaceaboutus。Ourhorizoeatourelbows。Thethickwoodisnotjustatourdoor，northepond，butsomewhatisalwaysg，familiarandwornbyus，appropriatedandfeneway，andreclaimedfromNature。Forwhatreasohisvastrangeandciresquaremilesofu，formyprivaebymen?

[6]Myneighborisamiledistant，andnohouseisvisiblefromahehill-topswithinhalfamileofmyown。Ihavemyhorizonboundedbywoodsalltomyself;adistaherailroadwhereittouchesthepondontheonehand，andofthefencewhichskirtsthewoodlandroadoforthemostpartitisassolitarywhereIliveasontheprairies。ItisasmuchAsiaorAfriewEnglawere，myownsunandmoonandstars，andalittleworldalltomyself。Atnighttherewasravelerpassedmyhouse，orkmydoor，morethahefirstorlastmawereinthesprilongintervalssomethevillagetofishforpouts—theyplainlyfishedmutheond2oftheirownnatures，aheirhookswithdarktheysooed，usuallywithlightbaskets，aheworldtodarkome”，andtheblaelofthenightrofanedbyanyhumanneighborhood。Ibelievethatmeillalittleafraidhthewitchesareallhung，andityanddleshavebeenintroduced。

[7]YetIexperiehatthemostsweetahemostiandengsocietymaybefoundinanynaturalobjeforthepoormisamelanan。ThereoveryblawholivesiofNatureandhashisseill。。。。WhileIenjoythefriendshipoftheseasonsItrustthatnothingmakelifeaburdentome。。。。

[8]Melysaytome，“Ishouldthinkyouwouldfeellohere，andwaofolks，rainyandsnowydaysandnightsespecially。”Iamtemptedtoreplytosuch—Thiswholeearthwhihabitisbutapointinspace。Hoart，thinkyou，dwellthetwomostdistantinhabitantsofyohebreadthofwhosediskotbeappreciatedbyouris?WhyshouldIfeellonely?IsnotourplaheMilkyWay3?Thiswhichyouputseemstomeimportaion。Whatsortofspaceisthatwhichseparatesamanfromhisfellowsandmakeshimsolitary?Ihavefoundthationofthelegsgtwomindsmuearertoodowewantmosttodwello?Nottomanymehedepot，thepost-office，thebar-room，themeetiheschool-house，thegrocery，BeaHill，ortheFivePoigregate，buttotheperennialsourceofourlife，whenallourexperiencewehavefoundthattoissue，asthewillowstahewateraitsrootsinthatdire。Thiswillvarywithdifferehisistheplaceilldighiscellar。。。。Ioneeveookoownsmen，whohasaccumulatedwhatiscalled“ahay”—thoughIafairviewofit—ontheWaldenrapairofarket，whoinquiredofmehowIgmymindtogiveupsomasoflife。IaIwasverysureIlikeditpassablywell;Iwasnotjoking。Aomybed，aopickhiswaythroughthedarkhemudththttown—whichplacehewouldreaeinthem。

[9]Aofawakeningtolifetoadeadmanmakesiimesaheplacewherethatmayoccurisalwaysthesame，andindescribablypleasanttoalloursehemostpartweallowonlyoutlyingaakeouros。Theyare，infact，thecauseofourdistraearesttoallthingsisthatpowerwhistheirbeiousthegralawsareuallybeiousisnottheehavehired，elovesowelltotalk，buttheork>

[10]“HorofoundistheihesubtlepowersofHeaveh!”

[11]“Weseektoperceivethem，aseethem;weseektohearthem，ahearthem;idehesubstahibeseparatedfromthem。”

[12]“Theycausethatinalltheuniversemenpurifyandsas，ahemselvesintheirholidaygarmentstooffersacrifidoblatioors。Itisanoofsubtleiheyareeverywhere，aboveus，o，ht;theyenvironusonallsides。”

[13]Wearethesubjeexperimentwhiotalittleiome。otdowithoutthesocietyossipsalittlewhileuances—haveourownthoughtstocheerus?fuciussaystruly，“Virtuedoesnotremainasanabandonedorphan;itmustofyhaveneighbors。”4。。。

[14]Ifinditwholesometobealoofthetime。Tobeinpahebest，issoonwearisomeanddissipatiobealohepanionthataude。Weareforthemostpartmorelonelywhenwegmeayinourchambers。Amanthinkingisalwaysalohimbewherehewill。SolitudeisnotmeasuredbythemilesofspaterveweenamanahereallydiligeihecrowdedhiveseCollege5isassolitaryasadervish6ihefarmerworkalohefieldorthewoodsallday，h，andnotfeellonesome，becauseheisemployed;butwhesitdowninaroomalohemercyofhisthoughts，butmustbewherehe“seethefolks”，ae，ahiehimselfforhisday’ssolitude;andhendershowthestudentsitalohehouseallnightandmostofthedaywithoutennui7and“theblues”;buthedoeshatthestudent，thoughinthehouse，isstillatworkinhisfield，andginhiswoods，asthefarmerinhis，andihesamereahelatterdoes，thoughitmaybeamoresedformofit。

[15]Societyisonlytoocheap。Wemeetatveryshortintervals，nothavinghadtimetoaynewvalueforeachother。Wemeetatmealsthreetimesaday，aheraoldmustycheesethatweare。Wehavehadtoagreeoofrules，calledetiquetteaomakethisfrequeolerableaetoopethepost-offidatthesodaboutthefiresideeveryhidareiher’sway，andstumbleoveroher，andIthihuslosesomerespeeaainlylessfrequencywouldsuffiportayunis。siderthegirlsinafaeveralone，hardlyintheirdreams。Itwouldbebetteriftherewerebutoanttoasquaremile，aswhereIlive。Thevalueofamanisnotinhisskiouchhim。

[16]Ihaveheardofamanlostinthewoodsanddyingoffamiioofatree，whoselonelinesswasrelievedbythegrotesquevisionsingtobodilyweakness，hisdiseasedimaginationsurroundedhim，andwhichhebelievedtobereal。Soalso，owingtobodilyaalhealthah，wemaybeuallycheeredbyalikebutmorenormalandnaturalsodetoknowthatweareneveralone。