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Text B On Education（第1页）

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Jean-JacquesRousseau

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Jean-JacquesRousseau（1712-1778）wasaGenevanphilosopher，oserofthe18thtury。HispoliticalphilosophyiheEinFrandacrossEurope，asectsoftheFreionandtheoveralldevelopmeidedualthought。

èmile，orOioerpiece，isakindofhalftreatise，halfellsthelifestoryofafiannamedèmile。Init，Rousseautracestheile’sdevelopmeionhereedudesigeinhimallthevirtuesofRousseau’sidealized“naturalman”，uncorruptedbymodery。

ThefollowingpassageisafromBook1ofRousseau’sèmile，orOion。

Promptsf

1。AgtoRousseau，whyisManinion?

2。Whatarethethreecategoriesiioion?

3。HowdoesRousseaudescribethedynamigthethreefaedu?

4。WhatisRousseau’sdefinitionofnature?

5。WhatisthemajumentinParagraph11ghabits?

6。WhatarethoseprejudicesthatRousseauhasmentionedinParagraphs12and13?

7。WhichdoesRousseaubelievetobemoreessential，todowellinagortobeaman?

8。HowshouldachildbetaughtagtoRousseau?

9。Makealistoftheideasexpressedinthispassage。thislisthelpyoufigureouttheessenRousseau’sphilosophyofedu?

[1]Godmakesallthingsgood;mahemandtheybeeevil。Heforesoiltoyieldtheproduother，oobeara。Hefusesande，plaaturalutilateshisdog，hishorse，andhisslave。Hedestroysahings;helovesallthatisdeformedandmonstrous;hewillhavenothingas，notevenmanhimself，whomustlearnhispaceslikeasaddle-horse，aohismaster’stastelikethetreesinhisgarden。

[2]Yetthingsithoutthiseduankindadebyhalves1。Uingaohimselffrombirthwouldbemoreofamoherest。Prejudice，authority，y，example，allthesoditionsintolunged，wouldstiflenatureinhimandputnothinginherplace。Shewouldbelikeasaplingiofthehighway，behitherandsoohepassers-by。

[3]Tender，anxiousmother，Iappealtoyou。Youremovethisyouhehighwayafrforceofsoventions。Tendaere3itdies。Osfruitwillrewardyourtheoutsetraiseawallroundyourchild’ssoul;anothermaysketchtheplan，youaloneshouldcarryitiion。

[4]Plantsarefashioivation，maion。Ifamaallandstronghissizeahwouldbeofnogoodtohimtillhehadlearheywouldevenharmhimbypreventingtohisaid;lefttohimselfhewoulddieofwant4beforeheknewhishehelplessnessofioperceivethattheraceerishedhadnotmanbegunbybeingachild。

[5]Weareborrength;helpless，weneedaid;foolish，weneedreason。Allthatwelackatbirth，allthateahegiftofedu。

[6]Thiseduestousfromnature，frommen，s。Theihansandfacultiesistheeduofheusewelearntomakeofhisgrowthistheeduen，whatwegainbyourexperiencesistheeduofthings。

[7]Thusweareeachtaughtbythreemasters。Iftheirteaflicts，thescholarisill-edudwillpeacewithhimself;iftheirteagagrees，heghttohisgoal，helivesatpeacewithhimself，heis>

[8]hreefaeduatureiswhollybeyondsareonlypartlyiheeduenistheorolledbyus;andevenhereelyillusory，foretodirecteverywordanddeedofallwithwhomthechildhastodo。

[9]Viewedasanart，thesuccessofeduostimpossible，siialsofsuccessarebeyondourtrol。Oureffortsmaybringuswithinsightofthegoal，butfortufavorusifwearetoreachit。

[10]Whatisthisgoal?Aswehavejustshown，itisthegoalofnature。Sihreemodesofeduustwether，thetwothatweustfollowtheleadofthatwhichisbeyondourtrol。Perhapsthiswordoovagueamearytodefi。

[11]old，ismerelyhabit。Whatdoesthatmeahabitsformedunderpulsion，habitswhieverstiflenature?Suple，arethehabitsofplantstrainedhorizontally。Theplasartificialshape，butthesaphassdahtheplantmaymakewillbevertical。Itisthesameositioheais，eveuralofthem，holdgood;butgethes，habitsvanish，sherself。Eduitselfisbuthabit，foraretherenotpeoplewhetorlosetheiredudotherswhokeepit?Whehisdifferehetermoberestrictedtohabitsabletonatureweneedsaynomore。

[12]Weareboriveandfromourbirthonwardsweareaffevariouswaysbyoure。Assoonaswebeesciousofoursensatiooseekorshuhatcausethem，atfirstbecausetheyarepleasantoruheheysuitusornot，andatlastbeentsformedbymeansoftheideasofhappinessandgoodnesswhigivesus。Theseterengthahthegrowthofreason，buthinderedbyourhabitstheyaremoreorlessed6byourprejudices。BeforethisgetheyarewhatIaturewithinus。

[13]Inthesocialorderwhereeachhashisownplamustbeeducatedforit。Ifsueleaveshisownstatiofelse。Hiseduisonlyusefulwhenfateagreeswithhisparents’choiot，edusthescholar，ifonlybytheprejudicesithascreated。I，wherethesonelledtoadopthisfather’sg，eduhadatleastasettledaim;wheresocialgradesremaihemenwhoformthemaretlyg，noonekherheisnhissoinghimforhiso

[14]Iuralordermenareallequalandtheirongisthatofmanhood，sothatawell-eduotfailtodowellinthatdthoserelatedtoit。Itmatterslittletomewhethermypupilisihearmy，thechurch，orthelaw。BeforehisparentschoseanaturecalledhimtobeamaradeIwouldteachhim。Whenheleavesme，Igrantyou，hewillbeheramagistrate，asoldier，;hewillbeaman。Allthatbeanhewilllearnasquiother。Invainwillfategehisstation，hewillalwaysbeinhisrightplace。Therealobjectofourstudyismanandhiseomymindthoseofuswhobestehegoodandeviloflifearethebesteduceitfollowsthattrueedusistslessihaninpractice。