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Text A The Happy Man（第1页）

TextATheHappyMan

&randRussell

Pre-reading

&randRussell（May1872-February1970）wasaBritishphili，mathemati，essayist，socialdpoliticalactivist。Heissideredohemainfoundersofmodernanalyticphilosophy;heisheldtobeohtury’spremierlogiaddition，hispsoyoftopiboththehumahenaturalsceshavebeionsofgeneralreaders。In1950hewasawardedNobelPrizeiure“iionofhisvariedandsignifitwritingsinwhichheanitarianidealsahought”。HismajorworksihePrihematics，HistoryofWesternPhilosophy，ThequestofHappioafew。

IhebookletThequestofHappiness，publishedin1930，Russellsays，“Noprofoundphilosophyordeeperuditionwillbefound。。。AllthatIclaimfortherecipesofferedtothereaderisthattheyaresuchasareedbymyownexperiendobservation，andtheyhaveincreasedmyoinesswheneverIhaveaacewiththem。”

TheHappyMachapterofThequestofHappiness。

Promptsf

1。Agtotheauthor，happinessdepeernalandinters。ectisthefocusoftheessay?

2。Whatisthemaincauseofunhappiernalotdefinitelyunfavorable?

3。Howachievehappiness?Whydoestheauthormentionprisraph1?

4。Whatdoes“liveobjectively”mean?

5。Howdoyouuaerpretationofself-denial?

6。Inwhatwaysisahedofrardingtheissueofhappiness?

7。WhatisRussell’siionoflove?

8。Russellsupportshisargumentontherecipeforhappinessbyillustration（givingexamples）andparisonandtrast。Locatethemandexplaiheyare。

[1]Happiness，asisevidelyupoernaldpartlyupononeself。Wehavebeehisvolumewiththepartwhidsupononeself，andwehavebeeheviewthatsofarasthispartised，therecipeforhappinessisaverysimpleohoughtbymany，amongwhomIthiiwesideredinaer，thathappinessisimpossiblewithoutaoreiouskind。Itisthoughtbymahemselvesunhappythattheirsorrolidhighlyiualizedsources。Idosugsaregenuiherhappinessoruhinktheyareonlysymptoms。Themanwhoisunhappywill，asarule，adoptanunhappycreed，whilethemanytahappycreed;eachmayattributehishappinessoruohisbeliefs，whiletherealistheotherwayrouhingsareiothehappinessofmostmen，butthesearesimplethings:foodah，love，successfulworkaofone’sowosomepeopleparenthoodisalsoessehesethingsarelalytheexanachievehappiwheretheyareenjoyed，orbeobtaiedeffort，themanwhoisstillunhappyissufferingfromsomepsyaladjustmentwhich，ifitisverygrave，mayheservicesofapsychiatrist，butordinarycasesbecuredbythepatienthimself，providedhesetsaboutthematteriardotdefiunate，amanshouldbeabletoachievehappiness，providedthathispassionsasaredirectedoutward，notinward。Itshouldbeoureherefore，bothiionaoadjustourselvestotheworld，toaimatavoidieredpassionsandatagthoseaffedthoseiswhichwillpreventhtsfromdwelliuallyupoisureofmostmentobehappyinaprison，andthepassionswhichshutusupiuteokindsofprisons。Amongsueoftheoarefear，envy，thesenseofsiyandself-admiration。Inalltheseourdesiresareteredupohereisierworld，butonlyalestitshouldinsomewayinjureusorfailto。Fearistheprincipalreasonwhymenaresounwillingtoadmitfadsoanxioustothemselvesroundinawarmgarmentofmyth2。Butthethorhewarmgarmentandthecoldblastspehroughtherents，andthemanwhohasbeeaedtoitswarmthsuffersfarmorefromtheseblaststhanamanwhohashardehemfromthefirst。Moreover，thosewhodeceivethemselvesgenerallyknowatbottomthattheyaredoingso，aateofapprehesomeushouldforerealizationsuponthem。

[2]Odrawbackstoself-teredpassionsisthattheyaffordsolittlevarietyihemanwholoveso，itistrue，beaishisaffes，butheisbouosufferintolerableboredomfromtheinvariablesameheobjectofhisdevotion。Themanwhosuffersfromasenseofsinissufferingfromapartidofself-love。Inallthisvastuhingthatappearstohimofmostimportahehimselfshouldbevirtuous。Itisagravedefesoftraditiionthattheyhaveehispartidofself-absorption。

[3]Thehappymanisthemaively，whohasfreeaffedwideis，whosecureshishappihroughtheseisaions，andthroughthefactthatthey，inturn，makehimaerestaomaobetheretofaffeisapotentcauseofhappihemanwhodemaionisnotthemanuponwhomitisbestowed。Themanwhoreceivesaffeis，speakingbroadly，themaitisuselesstoattempttogiveitasacal，inthewayinwhiightleerest，foracalculatedaffeotgenuineandisobesobytheret。

[4]Whatthendowhoisunhappybecauseheisenself?Soloihinkaboutthecausesofhisunhappiiobeself-teredandthereforedoessidetheviciouscircle;ifheistogetoutsideit，itmustbebyges，notbysimulatediedmerelyasamedie。Althoughthisdifficultyisreal，thereishathedoifhehasrightlydiagrouble。If，forexample，histroubleisduetoasenseofsin，sciousorunscious，hefirstpersuadehisindthathehasofeelsinful，andthehekihatwehavesiderediers，toplantthisrationalinhisunind，ghimselfmeahsomemoreorlessivity。Ifhesudispellingthesenseofsin，itisprobablethatgeiveisontaneously。Ifhistroubleisself-pity，hedealwithitinthesamemapersuadihereisraordinarilyunfortunateinhisces。Iffearishistrouble，lethimpracticeexercisesdesigogivece。warhasbeenreizedfromtimeimmemorialasanimportantvirtue，aofboysandyoungmeedtatypeofcharactercapableoffearlesstle。Butmeaualcehavebeeudied;theyalso，however，havetheirteique。Admittoyourselfeverydayatleastonepainfultruth;youwillfindthisquiteasusefulastheBoyScout’s3dailykindofa。Teachyourselftofeelthatlifewouldstillbewevenifyouwerenot，asofmeasurablysuperiortoallyourfriendsielligence。Exercisesofthissedthroughseveralyearswillatlasteoadmitfactswithoutflindwill，insodoing，freeyoufromtheempireoffearefield。

[5]Whattheobjeterestsaretobethatwillariseinyouwhenyouhaveoverethediseaseofself-absorptioothespontanesofyournatureaernalotsaytoyourselfinadvance，“IshouldbehappyifIeabsorbedinstamp-g”，atoworktocollectstamps，foritmayenthatyouwillfailaltogethertofindstamp-giing。Onlywhatgeerestsyoubeofaoyou，butyoumaybeprettysurethatgeerestswillgrowupassoonasyouhavelearntnottobeimmersedinself。

[6]Thehappylifeistoaraordihesameasthegoodlife。Professionalmoralists4havemadetoomuchofself-denial，andinsodoiheemphasisinthewrongplasciousself-denialleavesamanself-absorbedandvividlyawareofwhathehassacrificeitfailsoftenofitsimmediateobjedalmostalwaysofitsultimatepurpose。Whatisself-denial，butthatkiioillleadspontaneouslyandnaturallytothesameactsthatapersohepursuitofhisownvirtuelyperformbymeansofsciousself-denial。Ihavewritteninthisbookasahedonist5，thatistosay，asardshappihegood，buttheamehepoihehedohewholethesameasthosetobereehesa。Themoralist，however，istooapt，thoughthisisnot，ofiversallytrue，tostresstheactratherthaeofmisofanatheagentwillbewidelydifferent，agtohisstateofmi。Ifyouseeachilddrowningaheresultofadirectimpulsethelp，youwillemergeheworsemorally。If，oherhand，yousaytoyourself，“Itisthepartofvirtuetosuccorthehelpless，andIwishtobeavirtuousman，thereforeImustsavethischild，”youwillbeaneveerwardsthanyouwerebefore。liesiremecaseappliesinmaaarelessobvious。

[7]Thereisanotherdifferemoresubtle，betweeudetowardslifethatIhavebeenreendingandthatwhiehetraditionalmoralists。Thetraditionalmoralist，forexample，willsaythatloveshouldbeunselfish。Iai，thatistosay，itshouldnotbeselfishbeyondapoint，butitshouldundoubtedlybeofsuaturethatone’soinessisboundupinitssuccess。Ifamaealadytomarryhimohatheardentlydesiredherhappithesametimesideredthatshewouldaffordhimidealopportunitiesofself-abion，Ithinkitmaybedoubtedwhethershewouldbealtogetherpleased。Undoubtedlyweshoulddesirethehappihosewhomwelove，butnotasaoourown。Infactthewholeaweeherestoftheworld，whichisimpliedirineofself-denial，disappearsassoonaswehaveainperssoutsideourselves。Throughsuterestsamaofeelhimselfpartofthestreamoflife，notahardseparateentitylikeabilliard-ball，whihaveionwithothersutitiesexceptthatof。Allunhappinessdependsuponsomekindofdisiionorlategration;thereisdisiionwithihroughlackofatiohesdtheunind;thereislategratioheselfaywherethetwoarenotkheforceofobjeterestsahehappymanisthemasufferfromeitherofthesefailuresofunity，whosepersonalityisherdividedagainstitselftheworld。Sufeelshimselfaoftheuniverse，enjoyihespectaclethatitoffersahatitaffords，uhethoughtofdeathbecausehefeelshimselfnotreallyseparatefromthosewhowilleafterhim。Itisinsudinstinioreamoflifethatthegreatestjoyistobefound。

Notes