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Appendix 3（第2页）

&sandDis

Thissereportstheresultsofdataanalysistoaddressthethreeresearchquestioions3。1aheahefirstresearchquestion—“Doesestudentshaveaderstandiionofplagiarism?Ifnot，whatistheheirmisuaiohestudeedknowledgeofplagiarismandtheirpreviousinstruplagiarism。Se3。2discussestheofesestudeion3。3discussesthesedresearchquestion—dAmerits’persofplagiarism—byexaminingtheirrespoheteoplagiarismwiththeassistaablesthatsummarizetheresultsaaileddissfollowiables。Fiion3。4providestheahethirdresearchquestioitudestiarism—thrthepartits’ahequestioherplagiarismisamoralissueaherplagiarismshouldbetolerated。

3。1Studeedknowledgeofplagiarism

Thissereportsstudents’knowledgeofplagiarisminthreeareas:studehewiarismaion，previousinstrureplagiarism，as’self-repreeofplagiarism。Table2summarizestheoverallresults，whileadetailedreportofresultsanddissisinthefollowiions。

&udeedknowledgeofplagiarism

3。1。1Studeionsofplagiarism

AsshowninTable2，wheheykhewiarism，allpartits，Ameridesealike，claimedthattheydid。AlltheAmeritsrovideaionofplagiarismsuchas“usingothers’wordsasone’sown。”However，someesepartits，rovideadefinitionofplagiarism，revealedtheirmisuanding。Forexample，somestudentsanswered，“gothers’examlagiarismandifyoudidthat，youwouldgetzerooudentC11）。Thisihisrespo’smisuandingofplagiarismasg，whichmayhavebeehesimilarityofesetranslatiiarism“Chaoxi，Piaoqie”aing“Chaoxi，Zuobi”ying）beingapplicabletobothwords。Despitetheexistenisuanding，mostesestudentscouldrelateplagiarismtogothers’words。Inparingthesefindi’s（1993），anadvanesestudents’kermplagiarismisobservedoverthepastt

WhatisalsalthoughnotshowableisthatthedefinitionsprovidedbyesestudeheirhighschooledutheUSwereveryclosetothedefinitionsprovidedbyAmeritsandweremoreaccuratethaheresestudentsasshowninthefollolagiarismreferstotheathatoher’sarticles，oreveheirownworks”（Studentd“Plagiarismisthatyoutakeotherpeople’swordsasyourowhisresultistwiththefindingsfromSong-Turner（2008），whofound“theloswereimmersediraliaionaleheclosertheirdefinitioowardstheWesternview”（p。42）。ThisiheiheWesternlearningeos’knowledgeofplagiarismas’willioaccepttheWesternnotionofplagiarism。

3。1。2Previousinstruplagiarism

AlltheAmeritsreportedtheyhadrestruplagiarismbothiarysdsedaryschhschool，theearlierinstrugbriefaermorepreheervietsprovideaclearerpithispoint。

Ilearplagiarismlateiaryswestartedersthatwehadtodoresearchover。。。They[instructors]toldthevariousasthatwereplagiarism。gothers’workwithoutgivi。Theysaidthatit[plagiarism]wasacademiestyandcouldgetusfailedoutofthedintotheprincipal’soffice。（StudentA2）

Earlyoaryschoolperhapsthirdrade;learociteproperlyihgrade。Plagiarismwasmadeclearthatitisanactofgbyotherperson’sworksuchasapeerorascholarwhetheritbefromprihecesexplainedinhighssistedofafailihepaper，afailiheclassdepeheinstrudsometimessuspensionfromschool。（StudentA3）

Inorethanhalf（51。9%）oftheesepartitsclaimedhaviruingtotheuy。Amongthosewhoclaimedhaviru，theyvariedtoagreatextentastotheinstrutheyhadreereceivedstrutheywerestudyingfhschooledutheUS（e。g。，StudenteheardtheideafromtheirfrieudentelearitfromTVudenterestruwhiorethanawarcopy”（e。g。，StudentC9）。Thesedifferencesaremorevisiblewhenlookihetranscriptsoftheinterviews。

Inhighsoreclasses。。。thoseinstrusaidweeothers’wordsandideas，aodoitinapartiat，althoughIkindotwhatthoseformatsare。（StudentC4）

Myfriendwhoisstudyingabroadtoldmeabout“lagiarism”beforeIiversity。Ithinkitwastenmonthsbefore。Shetoldmethatplagiarismyingother’swother’sideawerebothasofplagiarism。Shealsotoldmeabouttheces。Thecradeandpersowillbeaffected。（StudentC21）

Thenewssaiditisillegalbehavior。shavetherightthattheirliteraryaputareprotected。PlagiarizingbehaviorletobefiudentC10）

&oldusthatdonotcopytheessaywhichyouseeonthebook。。。Besidesthat，tea’tsaywhataslagiarism。SoallIknolagiarismisessayisplagiarism。ButIdonotknowifIcopyafewsewilltasplagiarismornot。（StudentC9）

&hatmashaveneverreyinstruplagiarisminaisiheresultsofBamfordandSergiou（2005），andZhang，Li，andDuan（2008）。Thissuggeststhatalaatistruplagiarismiioialcauseforesestudents’beingaorelikelytoplagiarize。

3。1。3Studeeddegreeofplagiarism

Wheheyhadaderstandingofplagiarism，alltheAmeripartitsbelievedtheydid。Asfortheesestudents，most（70。4%）ofthemaheother29。6%thoughttheydidnothaveaderstandihestratedbyboththeAmeridesestudentsportedbytheirperformanjudgiobeplagiarismornot。OnlyfiveAmeritsandtwoesestudeely。Thedetailedresultsmentswillbereportediiothestudeedknowledgeofplagiarismandtheirrealknowledgeofplagiarismiheymaylackadequateself-awarenessofwhattheyreallyknolagiarism;theythoughttheykheythoughtwhattheyuoodofplagiarismlagiarismwasreallyabout。Thismismatchalsocallsforquestios’self-repability。Therefore，othermethodologiessuchastestis’judgmentsonplagiarismandinterviewsareoeiooobtainmorereliabledata。

3。2Students’aboutplagiarism

Knowingaboutstudents’helpteaderstaheirknotionsofplagiarismaeacherstohelpthemgaiandingofplagiarism。AlltheAmeritsreportedtheyhadnoaboutplagiarismandwereverytintheirofplagiarism。Intrast，theesestudentsexpressedaboutthedefinitionofplagiarism，ces，and，mainly，whatasweresideredplagiarism。Regardiects，i。e。，thedefinitionandcesofplagiarism，studeoknowwhattheywere。Butasforwhatastitutedplagiarism，theyexpressedbothands。OalkedabouthisexperiengonlineresourdbeingaccusedbyhishighsstrutheUS。Hewaswritingahedangerofexcessivedrinking，butheotthinkofmanyceshimself。Therefore，hesearchedtheesewebsiteBaidu（aseareusedbymostesepeopleatoGoogleintheUS）formoreinformatioigaboutthepotentialharmtoomuchalcohol。Thinkingituseful，hesummarizedthatartidtrahesummaryintoEnglish。Whenaskedwhyhedidhesourwhereheobtaiinformationbyhisinstructor，heaheessayhimself。Hewasaccusedafterwardssirusistedthatthepotentialharmofexcessivedrinkingdisthatessaysoundedprofessional，amusthaveborrowedothers’informatioerview，heaskedmeifIthoughtthatlagiarism。Isaidyes。Heseemedveryupset。Iaskedwhyhesaidthathewrotetheessayhimselfandaskedifhedidnotadmitusingonlineresourcesbecausehewasafraidofbeingaccused。Hesaid，

ItwasnotthatIdarednotadmit。ItwasthatIdidnotthinkIlagiarizingatall。。。becauseIdidnotcopytheseIwasjustsummariziitheproarizing，Iaddedmyaherefore，Ithinkthatisnotplagiarism。（StudentC4）

Thisiesestudentsmayhavediffereandingsofwhatastituteplagiarism。Thiserandingofplagiarismbefurtherevideherinterviewee’sreflehishighschoolexperieheUS。

IwasshomyhighschohtmeplagiarizingbecauseIaskedthefatherinmyhostfamilytorevisemyessayforme!Iwrotethedraftaoeditforme。Theideawasmihelpiheexpressions。That[beingaccused]wasverydisg。。。ButIwasnottheonlyone。Oneofmyclassmateswasalybecauseheusedonewordfromthevideogameorldcraft）Theteachersaidthatwasatermandhe[myclassmate]otwritethewordonhisowhavecopieditfromsomeoudentC14）

&siesestudentsmayhavesomeaboutwhataswereplagiariziheyweretoldbytheirinstructorslagiarismwas，itmighttakethemlestandabsorbtheWesternnotion。

3。3Judgingplagiarism:astudeive

&swereaskedtojudgeifthetencaseswereplagiarismandiftheytablebehavior。Table3reportsthementsofthedAmerits。Table4preseailedresultsforthestudents’judgmerespoeforeachcase。

3。3。1Overallessofjudgments

ThisstudymakesadistiweeswhoreceivedtheirhighschooledudthosewhoreceivedtheirhighschooledutheUS。Thisdivisionisreasoheresultsshedifferehecorreseratesbetweewogroupsofstudehatlookingatallesestudeherwouldbemisleading，asshowhedisbelow。