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Text B The One Against the Many（第2页）
[12]Fortunately，Jeffersonhimselfpreferredhisidealstohisideology。Incaseofflicthechoseedpeopleratherthanwhatedtoprindeed，thewholeideologiterprisetradictedJefferson’stemper，whichwasbasicallyflexibleaal。ThetrueJeffersonisnottheideologicalJeffersonbuttheJeffersonwhosaidthatoionitthesviewofpubliainy。
[13]ithfaithihetroubleisthis。Anideologyisnotapictureofactuality;itisamodelderivedfromactuality，amodeldesigoisolatesalieualitywhichthemodelbuilder，theideardsasofcrucialimportanideology，inotherwords，isanabstrareality。Thereisnwithabstraodelsperse11。Infact，weotductdiscourse12withoutthem。Thereisnwiththem—solong，thatis，aspeopleremembertheyareoheideologicalfallacyistetthatideologyisanabstrarealityaasrealityitself。
[14]Thebesettingsinoftheideologist，inshort，istofusehisowntidymodelswiththevast，turbuleable，anduywhichisthestuff13ofhumanexperiehishasatleasttwobadresults—ititsthosewhobelieveioafatalisticviewofhistory，anditmisleadsthemaboutcretechoicesofpublicpolicy。
[15]siderforamome’sviewofhistory。Theideologistdsthatthemysteriesofhistoryderstoodintermsofaclear-cut，absolute，socialcreedwhisthepastahefuture。Ideologythuspresupposesaiversewhosehistoryisdetermined，whoseprinciplesarefixed，whosevaluesaivesarededuatralbodyofsoaandofteraldogmaisfided14tothecustodyofanihood15。Intheoldphilosophicdebatesbetweehemany，theideologiststandswiththeoishisbeliefthattheworldasawholederstleviewpoihiandstreaminglifeofmaoasisystemofiion。
[16]TheAmeritraditionhasfoundthisviewofhumanhistnantaraditioheworldasmany，heseempiricts，theprefereic，fordeedma，havefoubrilliantexpressioingsofWilliamJames16andintheapproachtophilosophiswhichJamescalled“radicalempiricism”。Agaiheall-enpassingpowerofasiion，agaimeismofideology，agaihatallaopolitidsosbefoundinthebaesacredbook17，agaiiterpretationainsttheiverse，Jamesstoodforwhathecalledtheunfinisheduniverse—auniversemarkedbygrowth，variety，ambiguity，mystery，andiversewherefreemenmayfindpartialtruths，butwherenomortalmaanabsolutegripoh，auniversewheresressdependsnotoncapitulationtoasingle，all-ingbodyofdoe，butontheuercourseofunedminds。
[17]Thusideolmatismdifferraditheirviewsofhistory。Theydifferjustasraditheirapproachtoissuesofpublicpolicy。Theideologist，bymistakingmodelsforreality，alwaysmisleadsastothepossibilitiesandcesofpubli。Thehistoryofthetweuryisareanifoldwaysinwhiityhasbeerayedbyideology。
[18]Letustakeanexamplefromporaryhistory。Itisevidenthatthechoiprivateandpublis18，thatchoicewhichhasobsessedsomutpolitideicdisunderdevelopedtries，isnotamatteriouspriisnotamoralissuetobedeabsolutistgrouhoseht19whardtheuseofpublisaswidsinful，orbythoseo2ardtheuseofprivatemeanswidsinful。Itissimplyapracticalquestionastowhisbestachievethedesiredend。Itisaproblemtobeabytheologybutbyexperie。Indeed，Iwouldsuggestthatwemightwellbanishsomeoverloadedwords21fromiualdiscourse。Theybelongtothevoagoguery，nottothevocabularyofanalysis。
[19]So，withtheiionofthemixedsmatismhastriumphedoverabsolutism。Asace，theworldisihatthemixedeyofferedtheiiesthroughwhiunitesotrolwithindividualfreedom。Butideologyisadrug;nomatterhowmuchitisexposedbyexperiehegforitstillpersists。Thatgwill，nodoubt，alersists，solongasthereishumanhungerforanall-embrag，all-explanatorysystem，solongindeedaspoliticalphilosophyisshapedbythepulsiohewomb。
[20]Theoldestphilosophi，wehaveherelatioheohemahebasifliesispreciselytheflithosewhowouldreducetheworldtoohosewhoseetheworldasmahosewhobelievethattheworldisevolvingiion，alongasiilepredestined，ahinkthathumanityiure，asi，willuetoevolveiions，towarddiverses，agtothediversetraditions，values，andpurposesofdiverspeoples。Itisashort，betweendogmatismandpragmatism，betweeheologicalsodtheexperimey。
[21]Ideologistsareafraidofthefreeflowofideas，eveideaswithintheirowheyarecedtheyhaveamonopolyohereforetheyalwaysfeelthattheyareonlysavingtheworldwheertheheretics。Theirobjectiveremainsthatofmakingtheworldover22intheimagematicideology。Thegoalisamonolithicwaheprincipleofinfallibility—buttheoyinaemisthetyofabsoluteabuse。
[22]Thegoaloffreemenisquitedifferent。Freemenknowmanytruths，buttheydoubtwhetheranymortalmankheirreligiousaellectualheritagejoihemtosuspeenwholayclaimtoinfallibility。Theybelievethatthereiserdelusionthanformantomistakehimselffod。Theyacceptthelimitationsofthehumaheinfirmityofthehumanspirit。Thedistiriumph，intheirjudgmehecapaderstayofhumanstrivingbuttostriveheless。
Notes
1。self-goveraiveinstitutioofagroupbytheaofitsownmembers，asiiivestomakeitslaws自治和代议制机构
2。:toinfluencepeopleoveraperiodoftimesothattheydothingsorthinkinaparticular>
3。isttheology:isttheologyisasystemoftheologiJohn’sIheReligion，ingtheideasofpredesti，tandg。istbelieversholdthatfaith，ratherthansins，iswhatwillsavethem。
4。apriori:（Latin）（knowledge，argument，reasonorprobability）basedonanassumedpriherthanonactualobservedfactsorexperience
5。sotospeak:asitwere，inamannerofspeaking可谓，可以说
6。riseabove:beedorhinderedby摆脱，克服，战胜
7。intermsof:intheprihebasisof依据
&e:irrelevantandoutofdate
9。smallfreeholdsystem:小产权制度
10。er农民
11。perse:byitselforinitself
12。disuniofideasandinformatihversationordis
13。stuff:substance，orsubstantialnature核心内容，本质
14。fided:revealed，toldasifinprivate
15。thecustodyofanihood:thetruardianshipbythefeillnevergormakemistakes
16。WilliamJames:（1842-191ihihefieldsofphysiology，psydphilosophy。HestudiedandtaughtatHarvardUy。Hismasterpiece，ThePrinciplesofPsychology，sseedsmatismandhasiionsofthinkersinEuropeandAmerihislaterwmatism:ANewNameforOldWaysofThinking（1907），Jamespropouheoriesmatism，thequiialAmeriphilosophy。
17。inthebaesacredbook:ifewgpagesofbookthatshallnotbeged，questionedordisobeyed
18。privateandpublis:Privatemeansischaracterizedbyprivateownershipoflandas，marketeyarade;publisischaracterizedbystateownershipaplannedey。此处可理解为私有制和公有制。
19。ht:politiservativeandtraditional，supptheidealsofcapitalism右翼的
20。oicallysupptheideasofsocialism左翼的
