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Text B Civilization and Its Discontents（第2页）

3。displatoflibidinally，displatreferredtothephenomenonindreamsiionallydangerousinformationisexpressedinlessdangerousimagesaalsoreferstoaredireoflibidinalenergyfromooanother。libido:（psyalysis）aFreudiantermforsexualurgeordesire;theeheid。Itobeyslawsofey—weonlyhavesomuchlibido:ifweiinonearea，ayfromanother。Libidoisoftenassociatedwithsexualobjectsbut，ininstanationordisplat，itbedireyactivity。

4。sublimation:apsychologicalprocessthatosexualenergyisredirectedtowardadifferent，often“higher”aim，suting。

5。eics:Freudusesthetermeybroadlytodehemannerinwhialenergyisdistributediance。

6。narcissistic:derivedfromtheGreekmythologicalfigure，Narcissus，whofellihhisowion。Narcissismisthelibidiweiinourselves。

7。psyentaldisorderthatirightrejeordey;afliegoay。Psyditionsincludesia，veryseveredepression，andmanic-depressivedisorder。精神错乱

8。infantilism:anabnormalinwhiolderchildoradultretainsieristics幼稚病

9。neurosis:apsychologiflione’ssdunsciousselves（betweenegoasinpsychologifortandofteninspeeurotisthatarerelatedtotheunderlyingproblem。神经症

&ionsf

1。Attheendraph1，Freudclaimsthat“ionswerthequestionofthepurposeoflife。。。thattheideaoflifehavingapurposestandsandfallswiththereligioussystem”。Doyouagreeree?Whatdefihepurposeoflifeforyou?

2。Whatdoyouthinkisthediffereinessandpleasure?

&horclaimsthat“wearesomadethatwederiveifromatrastalefromastateofthings”（Paragraph3）。Doyouthinkwhatheaified?

&hatwearethreatehsufferingfromthreedireourownbody，fromtheexternalworld，andfinallyfromourrelationstoothermen。Doyouthinkthisisall-inclusive?ythihesethreealsocausesuffering?

5。Happiness，inFreud’sview，derstoodasaproblemoftheeicsoftheindividual’slibido。Whatisyouriionofthisclaim?

&horiist’sjassubliminatios。Towhatextentdoyouagreetothis?Whatdoyouthiionbehindanartist’screativework?

&hinksthataperson’spsystitutionplaysadecisivepartierminingone’shappiivelyoftheexternalces。Whatisyofthatpsystitution?Whatatsfordifferemakeupinpeople?

After-readingAssig

OralWork

1。Onesouransufferingsisfromourownbody，whiedtodeddissolution。Inotherwords，deathisthefateofhumanbeings;humaandfragile。Doyouthinkitisablessingoracurse?Divideyourselvesintotwogroupsaeonthisissue。

2。InthebookCivilizationandItsDists，fromwhicheistakeesobetweenindividual’squestforinstinctualfreedomandcivilization’strarydemandfority。Discusswithyourclassmatestheissueofhowonemakefreedomandpatible。Theyourresultstotheclass。

3。AgtoFreud，thethreesourhappinessareourownbody，theexternalworld，aoothermen。Infact，thesearealsomajoraeraryworks。Firstsharewithyourclassmatesingroupsoexemplifiesosasitsmainplot。Thenchooseaspokespersohebestoneinyrouptotheclass。

4。Inthebook，Freudclaimsthatreligiondictatesasimplepathtohappiness。InsiohemassesoftheirindividualFreudseesfewotherbes。Whatdoyouthiioinessandreligion?Givea2-miiononyourpoint。

WrittenWork

1。Iwopassagesofthisunit，bothRussellandFreudahecauseofussolutions。Makeaparativestudyofthetwopassages，andwriteanessayofabout400wordsontheirsimilaritiesanddifferences。

2。Intheessay，Freuddefines“happisvariedsehenarrowerseestsehereduse。Writeanessayofabout300words，analyzingaiionsofdifferentmeaningsofhappiness，andgivingyourpersofhappiness。

3。Afteracarefulstudyoftheessay，makeawrittehenbasedonyouroutlieasummaryofabout150words。

&woiness”and“pleasure”areofteergeably，butthereshouldbedifferenbothphilosophidmuives。Makeasurveyoftheirotationsaio。Thenwritea400-wordessay，synthesizingandcritialyzingthem。

FurtherReadings

&ofHappirandRussell

CivilizationandItsDistsbySigmundFreud

StumblingonHappinessbyDa

Happier:LearoDailyJoyandLastingFulfillmentbyTalBen-Shahar

《西方幸福论——从梭伦到费尔巴哈》，冯俊科著