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Text B Social Compact and Law（第1页）

TextBSopadLaw

Jean-JacquesRousseau

Pre-reading

Jean-JacquesRousseau（June1712-July1778）wasaSwissbornphilosopher，author，politiposer，andrahegreatestfiguresoftheFreeage30，RousseaumovedtoPariswherehejoinedDeheterofthephilosophies。Hisfirstmajorwork，DistheArtsandSces（175uedthatmanisgoodbyhasbeencorruptedbysodcivilization。HislightoperaThegMan（1752）waswidelyadmired。

InDistheinandFoundatioyAmongMen（1754），hearguedagainstThomasHobbesthathumaheformatioiespy，avicearoseastheresultofsanizatioheintroduofprivateproperty。Civilsociety，heheld，esintobeingonlytoeoprotectproperty，whioteveryothusrepresentsafraudulentsotractthatreinforequality。

InTheSotract（1762），whiswiththememorableline，Manwasborheiseverywhereins。Ruesthatacivilsocietybasedonagenuinesotractratherthanafraudulentonewouldprovidepeoplewithabetterkindoffreedomiheirnaturalindependeicalliberty，whiderstaoaself-imposedlawcreatedbythegeneralwill。

Iioiseoiorage，andRousseauwasforcedtofleetoSwitzerland。Hebeganshowingsigabilityin1767，andhediedinsane。sofJean-JacquesRousseau（1770），whichhemodeledontheworkofthesametitlebySt。Augustine，isamofamousautobiographies。

Rousseau’simmenseinfluencearisesfromhisbeiruephilosopherofRomantihismaiuallifeoftheonehundredyearsarefirstfouunityofhumankindaheelevationoffeelingahedofthei;adynamianhistoryanditsdifferehinteleologyandinthepossibilityofregavanishedfreedom。

ThefollowiakeheSotract。

Promptsf

1。Whenandwhydomeeaingforces?

2。ForroblemdoesTheSotractprovidethesolution?

3。Whatwouldbethecesoftheviolationofthesopact?

4。Howtheclausesofthesopaderstoodinasimple>

5。Onwhatowouldtheassoecessarilybeeiyrannical?

6。HowdoestheauthordefineRepublic，State，SnandPower?

7。Ifsopactgivesexistendlifetothebodypolitic，whatdoesLawgivetoit?Howimportantislawtosociety?

8。Whyisthereasureneedforsandlawsinthehumanworld?

9。Howdoestheauthordefinelaw?

10。Whydoestheauthorsaythatitotbeaskedwhosebusiistomakelaws?

11。Whoshouldbetheauthoroflawandwhy?

12。Howdoestheauthordescribetherelatioheindividualandtherepublic?

Sopact1

[1]Isupposementohavereachedthepointatwhichtheobstathewayoftheirpreservatioeofheirpowerofresistaerthantheresourcesatthedisposalofeadividualforhismaistate。Thatprimitivesubsisthehumanracewouldperishugeditsmaence。

[2]But，asmengenderonlyuniteaiheyhavenoothermeahemselvesthaion，byaggregation，ofasumreatenoughtooveretheresistaheyhavetintoplaybymeansofasiivepower，ai。1

[3]Thissumofforariseonlywhereseveralpersoher:but，asthefordlibertyofeaarethestrumentsofhisself-preservation，holedgethemwithhisows，ahecareheowestohimself?Thisdiffiitsbearingosubject，maybestatedinthefollowingterms:

[4]“Theproblemistofindaformofassowhichwilldefendahewholeohepersonandgoodsofeachassodinwhicheach，whileunitihall，maystillobeyhimselfalone，andremainasfreeasbefore。”ThisisthefualproblemforwhichTheSotractprovidesthesolution。