3。afflict:in
4。apriori:(Latin)involviivereaseneralprioanecessaryeffect
5。adducefor引证
6。insipid:laterestnifice
7。deference:adispositiooyieldtothewillofothers
&ionsf
1。IhesupremeperfeofGod,theauthorsays,“Otherwiseitwouldnotbepossibletoexplainwhythingshavehappeheyhaveratherthanotherwise。。。”Doyouagreewithhim?Whyorwhynot?
2。“Theultimatereasoybothofessendofexistenaunitymustlybegreater,higher,andpriortotheworlditself,sihroughitaloohings,whichtheworlds,butalsothethingsthatarepossiblehavetheirreality。”Whatcould“essehethingsthatarepossible”meanhere?
3。Howdoestheauthuishmoralperfeetaphysicalperfe?
4。Analogy,aswehavelearned,draarallelbetweentwouhathaveseveralonqualitiesorpointsofresemblabeusedforthepurposeofpersuasionorfortheexplanatioionofanidea。Ihereadertogetridoftheiraboutthenotioiohorusesseveralanalogies。Findallofthemtoseeiftheyareeffective。
5。“Asfortheafflien,andespeeholdourselvesassuredthattheytributetoodofthosewhosufferthem。”Whatisthisgreatergoodtheafflisdotothosewhosufferthem?
6。Doyoufiheauthor’satsg,tradictoryorevensophistic?Makeyourdoubtsandfurtherexploretheideasihroughmoreihresearch。
After-readingAssig
OralWork
1。Workorallywithyroupmembers。Ifyoudoheauthor’sdesofthe“perfect”world,relatetotrarystatesoftheworldandfindothersourthoseofGod。
2。PeoplemaydoubtGod’sperfedaretroubledbythepheesfallupoheiareafflidareslaiortures。”Buttheauthreateffortstoelaboratethattheoppositeistrue。entonhisthoughtcritically,withgtheoriesandevideniliarevidenourownhistoryanddmakeaspeechsupptheauthor。
3。“Hewhohasisbitterhasissweet,norreciateit。Thisistheverylawofepositivepleasuredoesnotanevehingsproduess,andmakemendull,notjoyful。”Towhatextentdoyouagreereewiththisidea?Shareyourviewwithyourpartner。
WrittenWork
&akepleasureinsmalldangers,orintheexperienceofills,fromtheverysenseorprooftheygiveusofourownpowerorfeliposeashortessayofabout400wordsinsupportofthisstatementwithstrongevidence。
&heprinciplesofBuddhismalihecausesofpeople’ssufferingsfromBuddhism。parethemwithwhatLeibnizsaysaboutthesame。Listallthesimilaritiesanddifferencesyoutify。
3。Leibnizusesanalogytoexplaiordifficepts。Youtouseanalogybyfollowingmoreexamples:1)Failureislikeabrutalinjury;it’sverydebilitatifirst,buto,youarereadytotakeaiinthefriendzorandedoedislandparadise。Youaresurroundedbysomethiiful,butstayingtherewilleventuallykillyou。3)Loveislikearose,sosweet,thatoriestogatheritihorns。Nowesentencesraphsusinganalogytoexplaindifficultorabstraceptsorsensationsofyourownchoice。
4。ItseemsthatLeibimistiapoihisworld,whileBuddhistsspeakmoreaboutevilsandsufferiessayfromasetofviewillustratinghowweshouldlookathumanevilss。
FurtherReadings
AFreeMan’sWorshipbyBertrandRussell
AparativeStudyionsbyAnanda
《英国自然神论:起源和结果》,约翰·奥尔著
《〈圣经〉文学阐释教程》,刘意青编著