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Text B Money and Ethic（第1页）

TextBMohic

MaxWeber

Pre-reading

Maxril1864-June1920）wasaGermansociologist，philosopher，andpolitiistrofoundlyinfluencedsocialtheoryandsocialresearch。HeisknoalarodernsogwithKarlMarxandEmilDurkheim。Weberarguedforthestudyofsocialathroughiivemeahanpureempiricism。Hisworksfotheprocessesofrationalizatioion，ament”thatheassociatedwiththeriseofcapitalismay，andwhichhesawastheresultofanewwayofthinkingabouttheworld。Thetwothesesof“rationalizatioaogetherhelpedlauatiohefousofmodernity。Hisinfluencewasfar-reagacrossthevastarrayofdisary，methodological，ideologidphilosophicalreflesthatarestillourownandinglymoreso。

&ahidtheSpiritofCapitalismublishedastwoessaysin1904and1905，aercollectedtogetherin1919。Weberarguedthatitossibletostruglepreheheinsofcapitalism，butlookedontheseessaysasprovidinginsightintofactorsassociatedwiththedevelopmealismsystemanizatitoWeber，istethidideasihedevelopmentofcapitalism。Hefoundthatsocietieshaviahosewithamhlydevelopedcapitalisteilarly，ihdifferentreligions，mostsuccessfulbusinessleaderswereProtestant。

&husarguedthatthedevelopmentofthegquicklygavetothemoderrepreneurafabulouslysdalsoindustriousworkers。Predestinationizingovereiequalityameantthatamaterialwealthcouldbetakenasasignofsalvatioerlife。Thebelieversthusjustifiedpursuitofprofitwithreligion，asinsteadofbeingfuelledbymorallysuspebitioioedbyahighlymoralaedphilosophy。ThisWebercalledthe“spiritofcapitalism”:itriousideologythatwasbehind—aablyledto—thecapitalisteicsystem。

Thefolloart2takeahidtheSpiritofCapitalism。

Promptsf

1。ThepassagebeginswithaseriesofideaspreachedbyBenjaminFranklin。Whatarealltheseideasedwith?

2。Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsBenjaminFranklinandhispreag?

3。Inwhatwayarethetwoattitudesabdifferent?

4。WhatisWeber’sattitudetmoney?

5。WhatisthespiritofcapitalismproposedbyMaxWeber?Howisitdifferentfromthetraditionalcapitalism?

6。Whatdoesutilitariahispassage?

7。Inwhatwayestybeusefulratherthanvirtuous?

8。Whatismeantbythesummumbonumofhis（Frahic?

&horpointsraph16“thisreversalofwhatweshouldaturalrelationship”。Whatdoes“thisreversal”heremean?Whatshould“theionship”belike?

[1]“Remember，thattimeismotenshillings1adaybyhislaboesabroad，orsitsidle，onehalfofthatday，thoughhespendsbutsixpenghisdiversionoridletheonlyexpense;hehasreallyspehrownaway，fiveshillings，besides。

[2]“Remember，thatcreditismoney。Ifamashismoneylieinmyhaisdue，hegivesmei，orsomuchasImakethattime。Thisamountstoasiderablesumwhereamanhasgoedmakesgooduseofit。

[3]“Remember，thatmoheprolifieratingnature。Momosbegetmore，andsoon。Fiveshillingsturnedissix，turnedagaihreependsoon，tillitbeesahundredpouhereisofit，themoreitproduceseveryturning，sothattheprofitsrisequidquicker。Hethatkillsabreediroysallhertothethousaiomurdersa，destroysallthatitmighthaveproduscoresofpounds。”

[4]“Rememberthissaying，thegoodpaymasterislordofanothermaisknoundexaehepromises，mayatanytime，andonanyo，raiseallthemoneyhisfriendsspare。Thisissometimesofgreatuse。Afterindustryandfrugality，nothingtributesmoretofayoungmahanpunctualityandjustiallhisdealings;thereforeneverkeepborrowedmoneyahetimeyoupromised，lestadisappoiupyourfriend’spurseforever。

[5]“Themasthataffe’screditaretarded。Thesoundofyourhammeratfiveinthemhtatnight，heardbyaakeshimeasysixmoifheseesyouatabilliardtable，orhearsyourvoiceatatavern，whenyoushouldbeatwork，hesendsforhismoday;demandsit，beforehereceiveit，inalump。‘Itshows，besides，thatyouaremindfulofwhatyouowe;itmakesyouappearacarefulaswellasaman，andthatstillincreasesyourcredit。’

[6]“Bewareofthinkingallyouroossess，andoflivingagly。Itisamistakethatmanypeoplewhohavecreditfallinto。Topreventthis，keepaaetimebothofyourexpensesandyourine。Ifyoutakethepainsatfirsttomentionparticulars，itwillhavethisgoodeffect:youwilldiscoverhowwonderfullysmall，trifliuptesums，andwilldiswhatmighthavebeen，andmayforthefuturebesaved，withoutogaince。

[7]“Forsixpoundsayearyoumayhavetheuseofonehundredpounds，providedyouareamanofknownprudenesty。

[8]“Hethatspendsagroat2adayidly，spendsidlyabovesixpoundsayear，whichisthepricefortheuseofonehundredpounds。

[9]“Hethatwastesidlyagroat’sworthofhistimeperday，ohaestheprivilegeofusingonehundredpoundseachday。

[10]“Hethatidlylosesfiveshillings’worthoftime，losesfiveshillings，andmightasprudentlythrowfiveshillingsintothesea。

[11]“Hethatlosesfiveshillings，notosum，butalltheadvamightbemadebyturningitindealing，whichbythetimethatayoungmanbeesold，willamounttoasiderablesumofmoney。”

[12]ItisBenjaminFrankliousiehesamewhiairizesinhisdmaliciousPieriCultureasthesupposedoffaithoftheYaisthespiritofcapitalismwhichherespeaksii，noonewilldoubt，howeverlittlewemaywishtoclaimthateverythingwhichcouldbeutothatspiritisediuspauseamomenttosiderthispassage，thephilosophyofwhibergersumsupinthewords，“Theymaketallowoutofdmoofmeyofthisphilosophyofavariceappearstobetheidealofthehoman，aheideaofadutyoftheindividualtowardtheincreaseofhiscapital，whichisassumedasaself。Trulywhatisherepreaplyameansofmakingone’swayintheworld，butapeculiarethifraofitsrulesistreatednotasfoolishasfetfuly。Thatistheesseer。Itisnotmerebusiesortofthingisoisahisisthequalitywhiterestsus。

[13]WhenJacobFugger5，ioabusinessassociatewhohadretiredandersuadehimtodothesame，sincehehadmadeenoughmoneyandshouldletothershaveace，rejectedthataspusillanimitya“he（Fugger）thoughtotherwise，hewaomakemoneyaslongashecould，”thespiritofhisstatemelyquitedifferentfromthatofFranklin。Whatintheformercaseressionofergandapersonalinorallyral，iakesoerofethifortheductoflife。Theceptspiritofcapitalismishereusedinthisspese，itisthespiritofmoderncapitalism。ForthatweareheredealingonlywithWesternEuropeanandAmericapitalismisobviousfromthewayinwhiitalismexistedindia，Babylon6，intheclassicworld7，andintheMiddleAges8。Butinallthesecases，asweshallsee，thisparticularethos

[14]Now，allFranklin’smoralattitudesarecoloredwithutilitarianism9。Hoyisuseful，becauseitassurescredit;soarepunctuality，industry，frugality，andthatisthereasoues。Alogicaldeduthiswouldbethatwhere，foriheappearanestyservesthesamepurpose，thatwouldsuffiunnecessarysurplusofthisvirtuewouldevideoFranklin’seyesaunproductivewaste。Andasamatteroffact，thestoryinhisautobiographyofhistothosevirtues，orthedisofthevalueofastriaheappearanodesty，theassiduousbelittlementofone’sowsiogaingeionlater，sthisimpressitoFrankliues，likeallothers，areonlyinsofarvirtuesastheyareactuallyusefultotheindividual，aeofmereappearanceisalwayssuffiitaplishestheeisawhievitableforstrictutilitarianism。TheimpressionofmahatthevirtuesprofessedbyAmeriismarepurehypocrisyseemstohavebeehisstrikiierisnotbyanymeanssosimple。

[15]BenjaminFranklin’sowappearsinthereallyunusualessofhisautobiography，beliesthatsuspi。Thecethatheascribeshisreoftheutilityofvirtuetoadiviionwhiteoleadhimihhteousness，showsthatsomethihanmeregarnishingfotricmotivesisinvolved。

[16]Infact，thesummumbonum10ofhisethic，theearningofmoreandmoremoney，bihestriceofallspooflife，isaboveallpletelydevoidofaiottosayhedonistic，admixture。Itisthoughtofsopurelyasaself，thatfromthepoihehappinessof，orutilityto，thesingleindividual，itappearseraalandabsolutelyirrational。Manisdomihemakingofmoney，byaastheultimatepurposeofhislife。Eicaisnolongersubordiomanasthemeaisfaaterialhisreversalofwhatweshouldaturalrelationship，soirrationalfromaofview，isevideelyaleadingprialismasitisfntoallpeoplesalistice。Atthesametimeitexpressesatypeoffeelingwhichiscloselyectedwithreligiousideas。Ifwethusask，whyshould“moofmen”，BenjaminFranklihoughhewasacolorlessdeist，answersinhisautobiographywithaquotationfromtheBible，whichhisstriisticfatherdrummedintohimagainandagaininhisyouth:“Seestthouamainhisbusiandbefs。”Theearnihinthemoderneicorderis，solongasitisdoheresultandtheexpressionofvirtueandprofiag;andthisvirtueandproficyare，asitisnownotdifficulttosee，therealAlphaandOmegaofFrahic，asexpressedinthepassageswehavequoted，aswellasinallhisworkswithoutex。

Notes