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参考文献Sources and Bibliography（第1页）

参考文献SourdBibliography

第一章　高卢人

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&evideningGallicwarriorsinItaly–andtheirnakedness–aterracottafriezefoundatCivitalbaiesfromalmostaturyafterthebattleontheAllia，andwhichmatchesawritteionofGallicwarriorsatthebattleofTelamon，foughtsomeseveer。AfullatofwhatisknownaboutItaly’sCelticpeoplesaruggleswithRomeisofferedbyJ。H。C。WilliamsiheRubiansandGaulsinRepubliItaly（2001）。WilliamsstronglyfavoursJuly387BCasthedateforthebattleontheAllia（whichcouldtheoreticallyhavetakenplaJuly386instead）。IItaliabyMariaTeresaGrassi（Milan2009）desdsdisonegraves。Barryliffe’sTheAs（1991）remainsathesubjedPeterBerresfordEllis，ABriefHistoryoftheDruids（2002）thoughmoretroversial，htsiicsociety。ItisElliswhopointsoutthatthenameBrennusprobablymeantking。FortheebetweeiiguagesseeNipiresuageHistoryoftheWorld（2006）。

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T。J。ell，TheBeginningsofRome:ItalyaheBrohePunicWars（c。1000–264BC）（1995）providesanencyclopaeditofRins，topography，defeyandpolitigclearlywiththeplexargumentsthatsurroundeveryissue，aailsinthischapteraredrawnfromell’sat。GaryForsythe，ACriticalHistoryofEarlyRome，fromPrehistorytotheFirstPunicWar（2006）offersausefuladditiontoell’swork。MaryBeard，S。P。Q。R。AHistoryofARome（2015）addsfasgfurtherinsightsintoRome’searlyyears。

OnRomans’earlybeliefsseeMaryBeard，JohnNorthandSimonPrice，ReligionsofRome，VolumeI，aHistory（1998）。TheparisohosandclassicalItaliancitiesisdrawnfromAndrewWallace-Hadrill’sHousesayinPompeiiandHereum（1994）。OnRomaseeFabioParasecoli，AlDeoryofFoodinItaly（2amesandtheprotheeseeFilippoCoarelli，RomeandEnviricalguide，trans。JamesL。dDanielP。Harmon（2014）andH。H。Scullard，FestivalsandiesoftheRomanRepublic，（1981）。ForearlyVeiiseeH。H。Scullard’sTheEtrusdRome（1967）。

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&hatlaterRomanswovemisleadingstoriesfrommisuoodinssoempleofJuaisproposedbyGaryForsythe。J。H。C。WilliamsdetailsevideheRomanspaidofftheGaulsandthatallofthegtheayhavefallentothem。WilliamsalsooffersanintriguiheGreekcityofDelphi，whichwasattaturyafterRome，in279BC，byGauls，alsoledbyaking，Brennus，andaboutwhichstoriesofaheroicholdoutalsogrewup，despiteevideheGaulswerevictoriousandpaidoff。WilliamssuggestsLivy’sstoriesmayhavebeehisGreekheroition。

第二章　哥特人

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OtozaseePeterLongeririchHimmler（2013）;EugeneDollmann，UnSchiavoLibero（1968）andEugeneDollman，RomaNazista（2002）。DollmanellerandhadeveryreasontodistancehimselffromHimmler，whoemployedDollmannashispersonalItalianinformantforsomeyears，sohistaleoftheFrenerisquestiohereisnodoubtthatHimmlercametozathatmtoseeAlaric’ssupposedgrave。AyearandahalflaterhepressuredtheItalianpolicechief，Boi，toseozatosearchforit。

iheirstruggleswiththeRomaheevolutiohs，Alaric’sprogresstoRomeandthelikelypositiohatfollowedhim，seePeterHeather，TheGoths（1996）;GothsandRomans332–489（1991）andalsohismagraitofthisera，TheFalloftheRomanEmpire，Aory（2005）。IerHeathersuggestsStiliadehisseeminglystraogotowarwiththeEasternRomanEmpirebecausehecouldseetroubleingontheRhiieraoaugmenthistroopsbytakiiheBalkansthathadpassedtotheEasterheneedfermaokeeptheirfollowerssuppliedwithplunderseealsoE。A。ThompsohsiimeofUlfila（1966）。

OheEmpire’slatefourth-turydtheWesterualfall，HeatheremphasizestheadvancesmadebyGermaheybeerousaeslargeraianalysisfoanweaknessesbefoundinAdrianGoldsworthy:HowRomeFell:DeathofaSuperpoldsworthyemphasizestheroleoftheEmpire’stcivilwarsandalsofulmilitaryinnovationsthatappearedihotablytheteohousetroopsawayfromthefroies，wheretheymayhavebeedistraforts。

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&h-e’stopographytheclassiainsRichardKrautheimer，Rome，ProfileofaCity，312–1308（1980）。AaentthatfocusesmorearchaeologicaldiscoveriesbefoundinBryanerkins，FromClassitiquitytotheMiddleAges，UrbanPubliginNortheraly，AD300–850（OxfordHistoriographs）（1984）。Adetailedaodatestudyfricalviewpointisofferedbyie，Frometne，anArchaeologicalHistoryofItalyAd300–800（2006）。

OnordinarylifeinRitsimperialglorydaysthebestsiisstillJér?meo’sDailyLifeiRome，thePeopleatheheightoftheEmpire，tra。Rowell（1975）。MoreretportraitsofclassieatitsheightioAngela，ADayintheLifeofARome（2011）。Forallaspeeihtury，ingitswalls，itsarchitecture，amey，goveraalRepublipoliticalposts，seeBertrandLaeAntiquity，EverydayLifeandUrbange，AD312–609，trans。AntoniaNewell（2000）。Omarbles，seeAmandaClaridge，Rome，anicalGuide（1998）。TheitineraryofRome’samenitiesisfromLan?on。

ForthedomestiperialgoverseeAndrewWallace-Hadrill，‘TheImperialTheCambridgeAory，X，TheAugustineEmpire，43BC–69AD（1996）。FortheHouseofRomulusseeClaridge。ForthedemiseofRomahemadingoftheLaureolusdramaofthelatefirstturyAD，seeo。Forthefrailtiesofthe，seeDavidKarmon，TheRuiernaltiquityaioninRenaissane（2011）。ForitsesseeAlberto，whooffersavividatoflathearena。ForValentianI’switchtrialsofsenators（AD369–371）seeLan?on。FornewimperialarchitecturalstylesthatusedvaultedcreteseeWilliamL。Maald，TheArchiteanEmpire，Volume1，anIntrodu（1965）。Ohatsomethibadlywrongwiththeheon’sportico，seeClaridge。Onhowartandinssgrewcruderdurihirdturydalsoonpagaheirdemise，seeRobinLaneFox，PagansandsierraneanWorld，Fromthe2uryADtotheofe（1986）。Onaristoans’viewsonsexseeAheearlyChurch’sdistasteforsexofalmostanykind，seeLaneFox。

ForthedemiseofpaganismseeReligionsofRome，VolumeI，aHistory，byMaryBeard，JohnNorthandSimonPrice（1998）andJandCapital，Romeihtury（2000），whichsubreathihiselusiveera。Oiansfouhedrals（ihahoughoheywouldhavebeenoutsideRomaoo）seePeterBrown，‘Sorcery，DemonsandtheRiseofity:fromlaterAntiquityintotheMiddleAges’ierBrionaheAgeofAugustine（1972）。Forthedisplatelsbymartyrsaints，andalsoforsecuritymeasuresusedtorestrainover-zealouspilgrimsfrsaints’remaierBrowoftheSaints，itsRiseandFunLatinity（1981）。FortheredisdiioyrsaintsforRomebyBishopDamasus，aer’sroleasgatekeepertoheavehaeoftheMartyrs:Saints，dRelics，FourthtoSeveuries’inRomaFelix–FormatioionsofMediaevalRome，ed。éamáinandandeVegvar（2008）。ForthelikelihoodthatStPeteroRome，andforPopePiusXII’sexsbearofStPeter’s，seeR。J。B。Bosworth，WhisperingeanditsHistories（2011）。OweenrivaldidatestobebishopofRomesee。

OnRome’saquedudbaths，seeKrautheimer。OnRome’sfoodddistribution，seeLan?ohe’ssuper-ri?onandperialRomanfood，diiesandhautee，ingrecipes，seePatrickFaas，Arouable，trans。ShaunWhiteside（1994）。OnRomasseeo。OhinessofRomeseeVivianNuttohoughtsonUrbanpollution’inValerieM。HopeandEireannMarshall（eds），DeathaheAy（2009）andalsoNevilleMorley，‘TheSalubriousheRomanHelenKing（ed。），HealthinAntiquity（2005）。OnmalariaseeRobertSallares，MalariaaoryofMalariaiCity（2002）。Ondoedie，seeRalphJa，DodDiseaseintheRomanEmpire（1988）。ForslavesseeKeithBradley，SlaveryaRome（1994）。Oivelaehestreets，aerlegalindependenenintheEmpire’sheyday，seeo。

&lesoverthestatueofVidatofflictsbetweenAsdtheirlesszealousrelatives，ahier，arebothdrawnfrom。AlsofromestheintriguingnotionthatValeriusPiniaheYouodivestthemselvesoftheirwealthwasafathefallofStilidsohelpedbringaboutAlaric’sattae。LikewisefromesthewillingnessofmoderateRomans，aiaannostalgiaintheirlives。

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